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👉እንደ Airports Council International መረጃ ከሆነ፦ በ2024 ዓ.ም ብቻ በመላው አለም 9.5 ቢሊዮን መንገደኞች በአየር ትራንስፖርት ከቦታ ወደ ቦታ መጓጓዛቸውን ይጠቁማል። ይህ መጠን ከ2021 ከነበረው በ5 ቢሊየን ጭማሪ አሳይቷል። በአለማችን ከሚገኙ ግዙፍ ኤርፖርቶች መካከል በአመት ብዙ መንገደኞችን በማስተናገድ ቀዳሚ የሆነው የአትላንት ኤርፖርት ነው። ይህ ኤርፖርት በ2024 ብቻ 108 ሚሊዮን መንገደኞች ተቀብሎ አስተናግዷል። ላለፉት 25 አመታት ብዙ መንገደኞችን በማስተናገድ ከቀዳሚዎቹ ተርታ የሚገኘው እላንታ ኤርፖርት the most busiest airport in the world በሚል ይጠቀሳል። በሁለተኛነት የሚገኘውና በአመት 92 ሚሊዮን መንገደኞችን ያስተናገደው ዱባይ ኤርፖርት በአውሮፓ፣ መካከለኛው ምስራቅና በእስያ አህጉር መካከል መገኘቱ ተፈላጊነቱን እንዲጨምር አድርጓታል። በመቀጠል፦ ዳላስ (88 ሚ)፣ ቶኪዮ (86 ሚ) እና ለንደን (84 ሚ) ተከታይ ሲሆኑ ዴንቨር (83 ሚ) ፣ ኢስታንቡል (80 ሚ)፣ ቺካጎ (80 ሚ) ኒውዴይሊ (78ሚ) እና ሻንጋይ (77 ሚ) እስከ 10ኛ ደረጃን ይዘዋል። እነዚህ እስከ 10ኛ ደረጃን የያዙ ኤርፖርቶች በአንድነት በ2024 ያስተናገዱት የመንገደኞች ብዛት 855 ሚሊዮን የሚደርስ ሲሆን፣ ይህ መጠን ዘጠኝ ከመቶ የሚሆነውን የአለማችንን መንገደኞች መጠን ይይዛል። እ.ኤ.አ ከ2019 እስከ 2024 ዓ.ም ባሉት አመታት ኒውዴይሊ 28ኛ ደረጃ ወደ 7ኛ ደረጃ ሊሠጣ ችሏል። በ2024 ኒውዴይሊ 78 ሚሊዮን መንገደኞችን ተቀብሏል። የአዲስ አበባ ኤርፖርት መንገደኞች የመቀበል አቅሙ 22 ሚሊዮን የሚደርስ ሲሆን፣ በደብረዘይት የሚገነባው ኤርፖርት ወደ ሥራ ሲገባ  60 ሚሊዮን መንገኞች የመቀበል አቅም ይኖረዋል። @etconp

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👉የቤቶች የግንባታ ዋጋ ግምት ሠንጠረዥ (በየሩብ ዓመቱ ሊሻሻል ይችላል) 🚧በአ.አ. የቤቶች ልማት ዋጋ ግምት መሰረትም G+9 - G+21 ያሉ ቤቶች 35,000 ብር በካሬ ይገመታል። ⏺ይህም የመሬት ዋጋ ወይም የሊዝ ዋጋ ን አይጨምርም:: 💫በዚህም ግምት በባለ 1 መኝታ 72 ካሬ ታስቦ  2.5 ሚሊዬን ብር ይሆናል ማለት ነው:: @etconp

👉Understanding Final Accounts in Construction Contracts 💫A final account is a critical component of construction contracts, representing the culmination of the contract sum and incorporating all necessary adjustments. ⏺It signifies the agreed amount that the Employer will pay the Contractor for the completed works. 🚧Preparing for Final Accounts The preparation of the final account occurs throughout the contract period. Financial statements prepared by the quantity surveyor will generally serve as the starting point for final account discussions. The professional quantity surveyor (PQS) should ensure that all contract instructions have been accounted for and that all other potential cost-related items are scheduled. ⭐️Key Components of Final Accounts A final account typically includes: * *Variable Costs*: Sums included within the contract sum that may be subject to change, such as provisional sums, approximate quantities, prime cost sums, and daywork allowances. * *Variations*: Changes to the contract specifications or drawings, including additions, omissions, or modifications. * *Loss and Expense*: Claims for loss and expense associated with extensions of time, including costs incurred due to delays or disruptions. * *Fluctuations*: Financial adjustments made to the original contract prices to compensate for changes in pricing levels at a macro-economic level. * *Risk Allowances*: Allowances for risks that may affect the project, including risks fully owned by the employer, risks owned and bought by the contractor, and transparent variable risk allowances. *Final Account Meetings and Procedures* The final account meetings are generally held between the contractor and the quantity surveyor, although it is not unusual for the project manager, the designer, or a representative from the employer to also attend. The meeting is an opportunity to exchange information and present methodologies for valuation of each variation in accordance with the contract. *Statement of Final Accounts* The statement of final account should include the following information: * *Adjustment of Provisional Sums*: Any adjustments to provisional sums, including those that have been expended or omitted. * *Adjustment of Prime Cost Sums*: Any adjustments to prime cost sums, including those that have been expended or omitted. * *Adjustment of Provisional Quantities*: Any adjustments to provisional quantities, including those that have been remeasured or omitted. * *Contract Instructions*: Any contract instructions that have been issued, including those that have been completed or omitted. * *Anticipated Instructions*: Any anticipated instructions that have not yet been issued. * *Fluctuations*: Any fluctuations that have been calculated, including those that have been added or deducted from the contract sum. * *Loss and/or Expense*: Any loss and/or expense that has been claimed, including those that have been agreed or disputed. *Timescales and Contractual Requirements* The timescales for the agreement of the final account vary from contract to contract, with some being very prescriptive and others less so. The standard JCT contract, for example, states that the final account should be ascertained no later than 3 months after receipt by the architect/contract administrator of information supplied by the contractor. *Best Practices for Final Accounts* To ensure a smooth and successful final account process, parties should follow best practices, including: * *Maintaining Accurate Records*: Maintaining accurate and detailed records of all variations, claims, and other contractual entitlements. * *Regular Progress Meetings*: Holding regular progress meetings to discuss and agree on the project's financial status. * *Collaborative Approach*: Adopting a collaborative approach to resolving disputes and claims, rather than relying on formal dispute resolution procedures. @etconp

👉A Universal Testing Machine (UTM) is a type of equipment used to test the mechanical properties of materials, such as: 1. Tensile strength 2. Compressive strength 3. Flexural strength 4. Shear strength UTMs apply controlled forces to materials, allowing for precise measurements and analysis. Common applications include: 1. Material research and development 2. Quality control 3. Product testing 4. Failure analysis UTMs are widely used in various industries, including: 1. Aerospace 2. Automotive 3. Construction 4. Manufacturing Would you like to know more about UTMs or material testing? @etconp

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👉የያቤሎ አውሮፕላን ማረፊያ ግንባታ ሂደት 90 በመቶ መድረሱ ታወቀ፡፡ 🚧የግንባታ ሂደቱን ቀሪ ሥራዎችን በአጭር ጊዜ በማጠናቀቅ በዚህ ዓመት መጨረሻ ላይ አውሮፕላን ማረፊያውን ሥራ ለማስጀመር እየተሠራ ነው። @etconp

👉ቅድም ያልናቹ መፅሐፍ 📜AutoCAD practice drawings with PDF eBook https://t.me/ETCONpWORK @etconp

👉The difference between a prime coat and a tack coat lies in their purpose, application, and function in asphalt pavement construction: 💫1. Prime Coat    - Purpose: Applied to prepare and stabilize the base course (usually granular or soil) before laying the asphalt layer. It enhances adhesion between the base and the asphalt, prevents dust, and protects the base from moisture.    - Material: Typically a low-viscosity liquid asphalt (e.g., cutback asphalt or emulsified asphalt).    - Application: Sprayed directly onto the compacted base course, penetrating the surface to bind loose particles and create a waterproof layer.    - Location: Between the base course and the first asphalt layer.    - Key Function: Improves bonding, seals the base, and provides a stable platform for the asphalt layer. 💫2. Tack Coat    - Purpose: Applied to ensure a strong bond between layers of asphalt (e.g., between an existing pavement and a new asphalt overlay or between asphalt layers). It prevents slippage and delamination.    - Material: Usually an asphalt emulsion or diluted asphalt binder.    - Application: Sprayed in a thin layer on an existing asphalt or concrete surface before placing a new asphalt layer.    - Location: Between two asphalt layers or between an existing pavement and a new asphalt layer.    - Key Function: Promotes adhesion to prevent sliding or separation of asphalt layers. 🚧Summary - Prime Coat: Prepares the base course for the first asphalt layer, focusing on base stabilization and moisture protection. - Tack Coat: Bonds asphalt layers together, ensuring structural integrity and preventing layer separation. @etconp