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⭐️IMPORTANT ARTICLES ⭐️ 🔴Part XIV, PUBLIC SERVICES(308 to 323) 312. All-India services 315. PSC for Union & States 320. Functions of PSC 321. Power to extend functions of PSC 🔵Part XIVA,TRIBUNALS (323A& B) 323A. Administrative tribunals 323B. Tribunals for other matters 🟢Part XV, ELECTIONS (324 to 329) 324. Superintendence, direction and control of elections to be vested in an Election Commission 326. Elections to the House of the people(LS) and to the legislative assemblies(LA) of states to be on the basis of Adult suffrage 329. Bar to Interference by Courts in Electoral matters 🟣Part XVI, SPECIAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO CERTAIN CLASSES (330 to 342) LS -- Lok Sabha LA--Legislative Assemblies 330. Reservation for SC & ST in ( LS ) 331. Represent Anglo-Indian in ( LS ) 332. Reservation for SC & ST in (LA) 333. Represent Anglo-Indian in (LA) 338. National Commission for SC 338A. National Commission for ST 340. Appointment of a commission to investigate conditions of BC 341-- SC 342 -- ST 🟡Part XVII, OFFICIAL LANGUAGE(343 to 351) 343. Official language of the Union 345. Official languages of states 346. Official lang for communication b/w one state and another 348. Language to be used in SC & HC 350A. Facilities for mother-tongue at primary stage 350B. Special officer for linguistic minorities 351.Development of Hindi language 🔴Part XVIII, EMERGENCY PROVISIONS (352 to 360) 352.National Emergency 355. Duty of the Union to protect states in Internal & External Emergencies 356. States Emergency (President rule) 359. Suspension of the enforcement of fundamental rights in emergencies 360. Financial Emergency 🔵Part XIX, MISCELLANEOUS (361 to 367) 361. Protection of President and Governors and Rajpramukhs 363. Bar to interference by courts in disputes arising out of certain treaties & agreements 364. Special provisions as to major ports and aerodromes 365. Effect of failure to comply with, or to give effect to directions given by the Union (president’s rule) 🟢Part XX, AMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION (Art 368) 368. Power of Parliament to Amend the Constitution 🟠 Part XXI, TEMPORARY, TRANSITIONAL AND SPECIAL PROVISIONS (369 to 392) 370. Temporary provisions to JK ( Abolished on Aug 5 2019) SPECIAL PROVISIONS TO STATES : 371. Maharashtra and Gujarat 371A. Nagaland 371B. Assam 371C. Manipur 371D. Andhra Pradesh 371F. Sikkim 371G. Mizoram 371H. Arunachal Pradesh 371-I. Goa 371-J. Karnataka 372. Continuance in force of existing laws and their adaptation 372A. Power of the president to adapt laws 🟡Part XXII, ( 393 to 395 ) 393. Short title 394. Commencement 394A. Authoritative text in Hindi language

📚 Indian Constitution Important Questions 📚 भारतीय संविधान महत्वपूर्ण प्रश्न 🔸 British Parliament passed the Indian Independence Act on? ➖ 18 July 1947 🔸ब्रिटिश संसद ने भारतीय स्वतंत्रता अधिनियम कब पारित किया? ➖ 18 जुलाई 1947 ___________ 🔸 Total number of Fundamental Rights in Constitution of India are? ➖ 6 🔸भारत के संविधान में मौलिक अधिकारों की कुल संख्या है? ➖6 ___________ 🔸 Total number of Schedule in Constitution of India are? ➖ 12 🔸भारत के संविधान में अनुसूची की कुल संख्या है? ➖12 ___________ 🔸 Which Article of the Constitution defines Panchayat Raj? ➖ Article 243 🔸संविधान का कौन सा अनुच्छेद पंचायत राज को परिभाषित करता है? ➖ अनुच्छेद 243 ___________ 🔸 Under Constitutional Article 343, which is the official language of the Union? ➖ Hindi and English 🔸संवैधानिक अनुच्छेद 343 के तहत संघ की आधिकारिक भाषा कौन सी है? ➖ हिंदी और अंग्रेजी ___________ 🔸 Which community gets special provision for Central Services in Article 336? ➖ Anglo-Indian community 🔸 अनुच्छेद 336 में किस समुदाय को केंद्रीय सेवाओं के लिए विशेष प्रावधान मिलता है? ➖ एंग्लो-इंडियन समुदाय ___________ 🔸 Which Constitutional Article lays down the provision for a National Commission for SC and ST? ➖ Article 338 🔸कौन सा संवैधानिक अनुच्छेद SC और ST के लिए राष्ट्रीय आयोग का प्रावधान करता है? ➖ अनुच्छेद 338 ___________ 🔸 Before the Independence of India, Dadar and Nager Haveli was under the administrative control of? ➖ Portugese 🔸 भारत की आजादी से पहले दादर और नागर हवेली किसके प्रशासनिक नियंत्रण में थी? ➖पुर्तगाली ___________ 🔸 Who decides allotment of symbols to Political Parties? ➖ Election Commission 🔸राजनीतिक दलों को प्रतीक चिन्हों के आवंटन का निर्णय कौन करता है? ➖ चुनाव आयोग ___________ 🔸 Who has the authority to approve President rule in the state? ➖ Parliament 🔸राज्य में राष्ट्रपति शासन की मंजूरी देने का अधिकार किसके पास है? ➖संसद

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📕Official Books of Various Country📕 📌White Book➖Official publications of China, Germany and Potugal. 📌White Paper➖Official Paper of the Govt. of Britain and India on a particular issue. 📌Yellow Book➖Official paper of the Govt. of France. 📌Blue Book➖An official report of the British Government. 📌Green Book➖Official Publications of Itali and Persia 📌Grey Book➖Official reports of the Government of Japan and Belgium. 📌Orange Book➖Official publication of the Govt. of Netharlands.

🧿 Important Indian Polity & Constitution Notes 🧿 ============================== ✅किसी राज्य के राज्यपाल को स्वायत्त जिलों को व्यवस्थित करने और फिर से संगठित करने का अधिकार है। वह स्वायत्त जिलों के क्षेत्रों को बढ़ा या घटा भी सकता है या उनके नाम बदल सकता है या उनकी सीमाओं को परिभाषित कर सकता है। ➨The governor of a state is empowered to organise and re-organise the autonomous districts. He can also increase or decrease the areas of autonomous districts or change their names or define their boundaries and so on. ✅भारत का विधि आयोग न तो संवैधानिक निकाय है और न ही वैधानिक निकाय है। यह एक कार्यकारी निकाय है जिसे भारत सरकार के एक आदेश द्वारा स्थापित किया गया था। इसके प्रमुख कार्य में कानूनी सुधार के लिए काम करना शामिल है। ➨Law Commission of India is neither a constitutional body nor a statutory body. It is an executive body which was established by an order of the Government of India. Its major function includes working for legal reforms. ✅भारत का प्रतिस्पर्धा आयोग (CCI) भारत सरकार द्वारा स्थापित एक वैधानिक निकाय है। आयोग पूरे भारत संघ में प्रतिस्पर्धा अधिनियम, 2002 को लागू करने के लिए जिम्मेदार है। ➨The Competition Commission of India (CCI) is a statutory body established by the Government of India. The Commission is responsible for enforcing the Competition Act, 2002 throughout the India union. ✅भारतीय अंतर्देशीय जलमार्ग प्राधिकरण भारत सरकार द्वारा वर्ष 1986 में शिपिंग और नेविगेशन के लिए अंतर्देशीय जलमार्गों को विनियमित और विकसित करने के लिए बनाया गया था। Inland Waterways Authority of India was created by the government of India in the year 1986 for regulating and developing the inland waterways for shipping and navigation. ✅सिस्टेमैटिक वोटर एजुकेशन एंड इलेक्टोरल पार्टिसिपेशन (SVEEP) भारत के चुनाव आयोग द्वारा शुरू किया गया था। इसका उद्देश्य भारतीय लोकतंत्र को अधिक सहभागी और सार्थक बनाने के लिए मतदाताओं को सूचित करना, शिक्षित करना, प्रेरित करना और सुविधा प्रदान करना है। ➨The Systematic Voter’s Education and Electoral Participation (SVEEP) was launched by the Election Commission of India. Its purpose is to inform, educate, motivate and facilitate voters to make Indian democracy more participative and meaningful. ✅दो या दो से अधिक राज्यों के लिए एक संयुक्त राज्य लोक सेवा आयोग (JSPSC) संबंधित राज्य विधानसभाओं के अनुरोध पर भारत की संसद के एक अधिनियम द्वारा बनाया जाता है। यह एक वैधानिक और संवैधानिक निकाय है। ➨A Joint State Public Service Commission (JSPSC) for two or more states is created by an act of Parliament of India on the request of the state legislatures concerned. It is a statutory and not a constitutional body. ✅लोकसभा में विभिन्न राज्यों को सीटों के आवंटन का मुख्य आधार राज्य की जनसंख्या है। ➨The main basis for allocation of seats to various States in the Lok Sabha is population of the state. ✅राष्ट्रीय अनुसूचित जाति आयोग भारत के राष्ट्रपति को एक वार्षिक रिपोर्ट प्रस्तुत करता है। यह आवश्यक होने पर रिपोर्ट भी प्रस्तुत कर सकता है। ➨The National Commission for Scheduled Castes presents an annual report to the president of India. It can also submit a report as and when it thinks necessary. ✅भारत के संविधान के अनुच्छेद 105 में भारत के अटॉर्नी-जनरल की शक्तियों, विशेषाधिकारों और प्रतिरक्षा के बारे में उल्लेख है। जबकि संसद के सदनों और उसकी समिति के सम्मान के रूप में अटॉर्नी-जनरल के अधिकारों को अनुच्छेद 88 में कहा गया है। ➨The Article 105 of the Constitution of India mentions about the powers, privileges and immunities of Attorney-General of India. Whereas the rights of Attorney-General as respects the Houses of Parliament and its Committee are stated in Article 88. ✅राज्य का महाधिवक्ता राज्य के राज्यपाल द्वारा नियुक्त किया जाता है। वह ऐसा व्यक्ति होना चाहिए जो राज्य के उच्च न्यायालय का न्यायाधीश नियुक्त होने के योग्य हो। ➨The advocate general of the state is appointed by the governor of the state. He must be a person who is qualified to be appointed a judge of a high court of the state.

🟢⚡️ प्रमुख संविधान संशोधन ⚡️🟢 🔈1st (1950) - भूमि सुधार 🔈35th (1974) - सिक्किम को भारतीय संघ के सह राज्य का दर्जा 🔈36th (1975) - सिक्किम को पूर्ण राज्य का दर्जा 🔈42nd (1976) - समाजवादी धर्मनिरपेक्ष राष्ट्र की अखंडता को परिभाषित किया गया, नीति निदेशक तत्व को अधिक व्यापक बनाया गया, मूल कर्तव्यों को जोड़ा गया, न्यायाधीशों की न्यूनतम संख्या निर्धारित की गई 🔈44th (1978) - संपत्ति के अधिकार को मूल अधिकार से हटा दिया गया 🔈52nd (1985) - दलबदल अधिनियम लाया गया 🔈61th (1989) - मताधिकार की आयु 21 से घटाकर 18 की गई 🔈73rd (1993) - पंचायती राज व्यवस्था 🔈74th (1993) - नगर पालिका 🔈86th (2002) - 6 से 14 वर्ष के बच्चों को निशुल्क शिक्षा 🔈101वां (2016) - GST 🔈102वां (2018)- राष्ट्रीय पिछड़ा वर्ग आयोग को संवैधानिक दर्जा 🔈103वां (2019) - EWS के लिए 🔈104वां (2019) - संविधान के अनुच्छेद 334 में संशोधन स्थानों के आरक्षण और विशेष प्रतिनिधित्व का 80 वर्ष के पश्चात ना रहना 🔈105वां (2021) - इस संशोधन ने राज्य सूचियों और पिछड़े वर्गों की पहचान करने और उन्हें अधिसूचित करने की राज्यों की शक्ति को संरक्षित किया।

🌟 Important Points 1. Article 356: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar stated that Article 356 (the provision for President's Rule in states) should be used as a last resort and as a means of final recourse. 2. Passing of the Constitution: The Indian Constitution was passed on November 26, 1949, and it came into effect on January 26, 1950. 3. Amendment with the Words 'Socialist,' 'Secular,' and 'Integrity': The words 'Socialist,' 'Secular,' and 'Integrity' were added to the Constitution through the 42nd Amendment. 4. Property Rights Changed to Legal Rights: The right to property was changed from a fundamental right to a legal right through the 44th Amendment. 5. Protection of Personal Liberties: To ensure the protection of personal liberties, citizens can approach the Supreme Court and High Courts. 6. Meaning of Writs: The literal meaning of the term 'Writ' (Quo-Warranto Writ) is "by what authority." 7. Removal of Judges: Judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts can be removed by passing impeachment proceedings in Parliament. 8. Mandatory Signature on Finance Bill: The President is required to give assent without reconsideration to the Finance Bill. 9. Vice President's Role: The Vice President serves as the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha (Council of States). 10. Extension of Lok Sabha's Term: The power to extend the term of the Lok Sabha beyond five years is vested in Parliament only during a national emergency. 11. Three Major All India Services: The three major All India Services are the Indian Administrative Service (IAS), the Indian Foreign Service (IFS), and the Indian Police Service (IPS). 12. Chairman of the States' Reorganization Commission: Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru was the Chairman of the States' Reorganization Commission, which was formed by the Constitution Assembly. 13. Adoption of the National Flag: The Constituent Assembly adopted the National Flag on July 22, 1947. 14. Number of Articles and Schedules in the Constitution on November 26, 1950: On November 26, 1950, the initial Indian Constitution had 395 Articles and 8 Schedules. 15. Right to Equality: The right to equality is enshrined in Article 14 of the Constitution. 16. Establishment of the Finance Commission: The provision for the establishment of the Finance Commission is mentioned in Article 280 of the Constitution.

✍️ Fundamental Duties (Article 51A) ======================= Article 51A: Fundamental duties - It shall be the duty of every citizen of India 🔹 To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem; 🔹 To cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom; 🔹 To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India; 🔹 To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so; 🔹 To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture; 🔹 To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life, and to have compassion for living creatures; 🔹 To develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform; 🔹 To safeguard public property and to abjure violence; 🔹 To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement. 🔹 Who is a parent of guardian to provide opportunities for education to his child or, as the case may be, ward between the age of six and fourteen years. 🔹 To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities;to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women;