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🟠 VERMIFORM APPENDIX 🔹 If appendicitis is not treated promptly 👨🏽‍⚕🏥, the inflamed appendix can rupture, leading to severe complications. 🔸 The rupture 💣 releases infectious materials 🧫💩 into the abdominal cavity, causing peritonitis, a life-threatening ⚠️ inflammation of the lining of the abdomen. 😎This can result in sepsis 🦠, where the body's response to infection triggers widespread inflammation, potentially leading to organ failure 🫀🫁➕. 🤕 Additionally, abscesses may form, requiring more complicated treatments. 🚨 Delayed treatment can significantly increase the risk of serious complications and can be life-threatening, making immediate surgical intervention crucial for recovery and prevention of further health issues. https://t.me/anatomyiseasy

------------------------------------------- 🚨 𝗔𝗡𝗔𝗧𝗢𝗠𝗬 𝗜𝗦 𝗘𝗔𝗦𝗬 🦴🇺🇸 ᴊᴏɪɴ ɴᴏᴡ! ⤴️ 🔗 (ᴅʀ. ɴ. ʀᴜʙᴀʟ). -------------------------------------------

🇺🇸 Corpus hippocraticum. An interesting article by Rev. Mind and Brain on the Hippocratic collection. ------------------------------------------- 🚨 𝗔𝗡𝗔𝗧𝗢𝗠𝗬 𝗜𝗦 𝗘𝗔𝗦𝗬 🦴🇺🇸 ᴊᴏɪɴ ɴᴏᴡ! ⤴️ 🔗 (ᴅʀ. ɴ. ʀᴜʙᴀʟ). -------------------------------------------

The woman 👩🏽‍🦳 arrived at the emergency department with acute abdominal pain 🥵. An X-ray was performed and it was observed that there were 3⃣ 😱 intrauterine devices (IUD) of the T type present. To avoid an unwanted pregnancy 🤰🏽 having 3⃣ IUDs instead of 1⃣ won't help, but such practice does constitute a risk for developing uterine inflammation accompanied by its respective pains and risks of potentiating the onset of sepsis 🧫. ------------------------------------------- 🚨 𝗔𝗡𝗔𝗧𝗢𝗠𝗬 𝗜𝗦 𝗘𝗔𝗦𝗬 🦴🇺🇸 ᴊᴏɪɴ ɴᴏᴡ! ⤴️ 🔗 (ᴅʀ. ɴ. ʀᴜʙᴀʟ). -------------------------------------------

The imagen shows ice into lateral ventricular cavity.

Fatal Hypothermia and Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Freezing ❄️ In lethal hypothermia, core body temperature 📉 drops severely, disrupting physiological homeostasis. CSF 🧠—a clear, electrolyte-rich liquid surrounding the brain and spinal cord—may undergo partial freezing 🧊 under prolonged subzero exposure. This crystallization alters CSF’s neuroprotective roles, impairing cerebral metabolic waste clearance and increasing intracranial pressure. Autopsy findings in hypothermia-related deaths occasionally reveal ice crystals in ventricular CSF, though ante-mortem freezing remains debated. Critical thresholds (~28°C) trigger cardiac arrhythmias ⚠️, often preceding CSF solidification. Research emphasizes multifactorial pathophysiology: reduced cerebral perfusion, electrolyte shifts, and cellular apoptosis, with CSF changes serving as secondary markers. 🔍 Key: CSF freezing reflects extreme cold stress but rarely directly causes death.

🚨 𝗔𝗡𝗔𝗧𝗢𝗠𝗬 𝗜𝗦 𝗘𝗔𝗦𝗬 🦴🇺🇸

The image shows the presence of ice within the lateral ventricles

Fatal Hypothermia and Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Freezing ❄️ In lethal hypothermia, core body temperature 📉 drops severely, disrupting physiological homeostasis. CSF 🧠—a clear, electrolyte-rich liquid surrounding the brain and spinal cord—may undergo partial freezing 🧊 under prolonged subzero exposure. This crystallization alters CSF’s neuroprotective roles, impairing cerebral metabolic waste clearance and increasing intracranial pressure. Autopsy findings in hypothermia-related deaths occasionally reveal ice crystals in ventricular CSF, though ante-mortem freezing remains debated. Critical thresholds (~28°C) trigger cardiac arrhythmias ⚠️, often preceding CSF solidification. Research emphasizes multifactorial pathophysiology: reduced cerebral perfusion, electrolyte shifts, and cellular apoptosis, with CSF changes serving as secondary markers. 🔍 Key: CSF freezing reflects extreme cold stress but rarely directly causes death.

𝗔𝗡𝗔𝗧𝗢𝗠𝗬 𝗜𝗦 𝗘𝗔𝗦𝗬

🔬 The Liver Capsule: Its Structure, Function, and the Eponym Used in its Denomination  🌐 Liver Capsule  The liver capsule is a layer of fibrous connective tissue (dense irregular connective tissue) that envelops the liver, playing essential roles in the structural support and protection of this organ.  It is mainly composed of collagen fibers, which are crucial in maintaining the organ's integrity, and on the other hand, it responds to pathological changes that the organ may suffer, such as inflammation or fibrosis.  📜 Glisson's Capsule: A Historical Eponym  The term “Glisson's capsule” pays homage to Dr. Francis Glisson (1597–1677), an English physician and anatomist. In his seminal work Anatomia Hepatis (1654), Glisson described the sheath of connective tissue of the liver and its extensions into the interior of the organ, forming a support framework for blood vessels and ducts. He also described the portal triad (or Glisson's triad), the eponym persists widely in clinical and historical contexts.  🧠 Anatomical and Functional Importance  ➖ Structural function: The capsule anchors the liver to adjacent organs and the abdominal wall.  ➖ Neurovascular interface: It houses sensory nerves, contributing to the perception of pain during liver distension (e.g., hepatitis or cirrhosis).  ➖ Pathological indicator: Its thickening signals chronic liver diseases, detectable through imaging.  ⚕️ Clinical Relevance  Glisson's contributions remain fundamental in hepatology. The Glisson's triad (portal vein, hepatic artery, bile duct) is key to understanding liver physiology and surgical interventions. Its involvement in conditions such as cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma reinforces its diagnostic importance.  📚 References  1. Glisson, F. (1654). Anatomia Hepatis. London.  2. Standring, S. (2020). Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice (42nd ed.). Elsevier.

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🔴 TICKS: PARASITES WITH GLOBAL IMPACT 🔴 🕷️ Biology and Habitat Ticks are arachnid ectoparasites belonging to the order Ixodida. Unlike insects, they have eight legs in their adult phase and a complex life cycle (egg, larva, nymph, and adult). Their survival depends on the blood of vertebrate hosts, such as mammals, birds, and even reptiles. They are found in humid and wooded environments, although some species adapt to urban areas. 🦠 Transmitted Diseases: A Global Risk 🌍 These parasites are vectors of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. Among the most relevant diseases are: ➖ Lyme Disease 🦴: Caused by *Borrelia burgdorferi*, common in North America and Europe. ➖ Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever 🔥: Associated with *Rickettsia rickettsii*, with high lethality if untreated. ➖ Babesiosis and Anaplasmosis🩸: Produced by protozoa (*Babesia*) and bacteria (*Anaplasma*), respectively. ➖ Tick-borne Encephalitis 🧠: Viral, endemic in Eurasia. ➖ Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever 💀: Serious viral disease in Africa, Asia, and Eastern Europe. In the USA, Colorado tick fever and Powassan virus also circulate, while in Europe, borreliosis is prevalent. ⚠️ Transmission Mechanisms Ticks inject anticoagulant saliva when feeding, facilitating the entry of pathogens. Their ability to remain attached for days increases the risk of infection. 🛡️ Prevention and Control ➖ Personal Protection: Use of repellents (DEET), light-colored clothing, and body checks after outdoor activities. ➖ Environmental Control: Keep gardens trimmed and avoid areas of high tick density. ➖ Safe Removal: Use tweezers to grasp the tick close to the skin and pull gently. 📚 Conclusion Ticks represent a public health challenge due to their geographic diversity and vector capacity. Research into vaccines and early diagnostic methods is crucial to mitigate their impact. References [1] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Tick-borne Diseases. [2] Estrada-Peña, A. et al. (2017). Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases: Geographic Distribution. Journal of Medical Entomology. 🔬 Knowing their biology and habits is the first step to prevention! 🧪

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🐝👩❤️👤 THE UNUSUAL FRIENDSHIP BETWEEN A WOMAN AND A SICK BUMBLEBEE 📅 April 02, 2023 | 🗞️ ABC 🐕 The dog has the honor of being considered man's best friend. Stories that speak of bonds between canines and humans number in the thousands, including some as endearing as that of the stray dogs who showed up at the funeral of the woman who cared for them. Occasionally we hear of an atypical story in which a person establishes a relationship with a wild animal, as in the case of the man who has been visiting the fish 🐟 he saved for 30 years. But what about insects 🐛—can they also be 'friends of man'? 🐝💖 The Rescue of Bee 👩 Fiona Presly is convinced that they can, and she shows it on her personal Facebook account, where she shares experiences and images of her curious friendship with Bee, a bumblebee whose life she saved. This woman, a library assistant in Inverness (Scotland), spotted a bumblebee in her garden last spring. Nothing extraordinary except for one detail: the insect was a victim of a virus that prevented it from developing its wings normally. It could not fly, but only walk as if it were an ant 🐜. 🏡🌼 A Mini-Garden Sanctuary Obviously, the bumblebee was in dire straits and its chances of survival were slim. Fiona took pity on him and decided to do everything in her power to help him get by. She started by building a secluded and protected 'mini-garden' where the bumblebee (which she named Bee) could live at ease. With an old umbrella 🌂 and a few pots, she made a truly luxurious residence for the insect. She even put up a little wooden house 🪵 for Bee to have a corner in which to shelter. 🍯💧 Daily Care and Bonding The attentions went much further. Fiona brought small glasses of sugar water 🥤 every day for her bumblebee, who gradually grew stronger. As the days went by, Bee began to understand the routine and would quickly peek out whenever her owner approached the small garden. The woman wanted to go further and tried taking the animal in her hands 🤲. Far from being worried, the 'cuddles' seemed to please her; so they became a habit and the relationship grew considerably closer. 🏠❤️ An Indoor Companion To the surprise of her family and friends, Bee began to spend time with Fiona indoors. It is difficult to identify feelings in an insect, but it seems that this bumblebee was happy living next to a person, because his life was much longer than usual in this species. Since he died, Fiona has not stopped sharing on Facebook the photos 📸 that record their friendship. Because for her, whatever others may say, Bee was a great companion. 🕯️ Rest in peace, little Bee. 🌸

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The face of a fly magnified x100 times 🪰

------------------------------------------- 🚨 𝗔𝗡𝗔𝗧𝗢𝗠𝗬 𝗜𝗦 𝗘𝗔𝗦𝗬 🦴🇺🇸 ᴊᴏɪɴ ɴᴏᴡ! ⤴️ 🔗 (ᴅʀ. ɴ. ʀᴜʙᴀʟ). -------------------------------------------

CERVICAL PENETRATING INJURY BY NEEDLEFISH 🐠

------------------------------------------- 🚨 𝗔𝗡𝗔𝗧𝗢𝗠𝗬 𝗜𝗦 𝗘𝗔𝗦𝗬 🦴🇺🇸 ᴊᴏɪɴ ɴᴏᴡ! ⤴️ 🔗 (ᴅʀ. ɴ. ʀᴜʙᴀʟ). -------------------------------------------