WERABE COMPREHENSIVE SECONDARY SCHOOL

ወሳኝ ወሳኝ biology ጥያቄዎች 1. Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis? (a) Ribosomes (b) Mitochondria (c) Golgi apparatus (d) Nucleus 2. What is the semi-permeable barrier that surrounds the cell? (a) Cell membrane (b) Cell wall (c) Cytoplasm (d) Nucleus 3. Which type of cell does not have a nucleus? (a) Prokaryotic cell (b) Eukaryotic cell (c) Plant cell (d) Animal cell 4. What is the function of the cytoskeleton? (a) To store genetic material (b) To transport materials (c) To provide structural support (d) To synthesize proteins 5. Which organelle is responsible for cellular respiration? (a) Mitochondria (b) Chloroplasts (c) Ribosomes (d) Golgi apparatus 6. Which type of cell is found in plants but not in animals? (a) Prokaryotic cell (b) Eukaryotic cell (c) Plant cell (d) Animal cell 7. Which type of cell has a cell wall made of cellulose? (a) Prokaryotic cell (b) Eukaryotic cell (c) Plant cell (d) Animal cell 8. Which type of cell has a large central vacuole? (a) Prokaryotic cell (b) Eukaryotic cell (c) Plant cell (d) Animal cell 9. Which type of cell is specialized for muscle contraction? (a) Muscle cell (b) Nerve cell (c) Red blood cell (d) White blood cell 10. Which type of cell is responsible for fighting infection? (a) Muscle cell (b) Nerve cell (c) Red blood cell (d) White blood cell 11. Which type of microscope uses visible light to magnify objects? (a) Light microscope (b) Electron microscope (c) Scanning probe microscope (d) Fluorescence microscope 12. What is the function of the objective lens? (a) To magnify the image (b) To focus the light (c) To collect light (d) To project the image 13. Which type of microscope has the highest magnification? (a) Light microscope (b) Electron microscope (c) Scanning probe microscope (d) Fluorescence microscope 14. What is the function of the diaphragm? (a) To control the amount of light entering the microscope (b) To focus the light (c) To magnify the image (d) To project the image 15. What is the difference between brightfield and darkfield microscopy? (a) Brightfield microscopy uses transmitted light, while darkfield microscopy uses reflected light. (b) Darkfield microscopy uses transmitted light, while brightfield microscopy uses reflected light. (c) Brightfield microscopy has a higher resolution than darkfield microscopy. (d) Darkfield microscopy has a higher resolution than brightfield microscopy. Answer Key: 1. a  2. a  3. a  4. c   5. a 6. c  7. c  8. c  9. a  10. d 11. a12. a 13. b 14. a15. a https://t.me/Werabe_Comprehensive

ወሳኝ ወሳኝ biology ጥያቄዎች 1. Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis? (a) Ribosomes (b) Mitochondria (c) Golgi apparatus (d) Nucleus 2. What is the semi-permeable barrier that surrounds the cell? (a) Cell membrane (b) Cell wall (c) Cytoplasm (d) Nucleus 3. Which type of cell does not have a nucleus? (a) Prokaryotic cell (b) Eukaryotic cell (c) Plant cell (d) Animal cell 4. What is the function of the cytoskeleton? (a) To store genetic material (b) To transport materials (c) To provide structural support (d) To synthesize proteins 5. Which organelle is responsible for cellular respiration? (a) Mitochondria (b) Chloroplasts (c) Ribosomes (d) Golgi apparatus 6. Which type of cell is found in plants but not in animals? (a) Prokaryotic cell (b) Eukaryotic cell (c) Plant cell (d) Animal cell 7. Which type of cell has a cell wall made of cellulose? (a) Prokaryotic cell (b) Eukaryotic cell (c) Plant cell (d) Animal cell 8. Which type of cell has a large central vacuole? (a) Prokaryotic cell (b) Eukaryotic cell (c) Plant cell (d) Animal cell 9. Which type of cell is specialized for muscle contraction? (a) Muscle cell (b) Nerve cell (c) Red blood cell (d) White blood cell 10. Which type of cell is responsible for fighting infection? (a) Muscle cell (b) Nerve cell (c) Red blood cell (d) White blood cell 11. Which type of microscope uses visible light to magnify objects? (a) Light microscope (b) Electron microscope (c) Scanning probe microscope (d) Fluorescence microscope 12. What is the function of the objective lens? (a) To magnify the image (b) To focus the light (c) To collect light (d) To project the image 13. Which type of microscope has the highest magnification? (a) Light microscope (b) Electron microscope (c) Scanning probe microscope (d) Fluorescence microscope 14. What is the function of the diaphragm? (a) To control the amount of light entering the microscope (b) To focus the light (c) To magnify the image (d) To project the image 15. What is the difference between brightfield and darkfield microscopy? (a) Brightfield microscopy uses transmitted light, while darkfield microscopy uses reflected light. (b) Darkfield microscopy uses transmitted light, while brightfield microscopy uses reflected light. (c) Brightfield microscopy has a higher resolution than darkfield microscopy. (d) Darkfield microscopy has a higher resolution than brightfield microscopy. Answer Key: 1. a  2. a  3. a  4. c   5. a 6. c  7. c  8. c  9. a  10. d 11. a12. a 13. b 14. a15. a

●       TENSES      ➡️ The concept of time can be split into: 1. Present Tense : What you are currently doing.  Example : I eat,  I am eating. 2. Past Tense : What you did some time back.  Example : I ate, I was eating. 3. Future Tense : What you will do later.  Example : I will eat, I will be eating. ➡️ In the English language, tenses play an important role in sentence formation.  📌 The tense of a verb shows the time of an event or action. 1. PRESENT TENSE 1.1 SIMPLE PRESENT 📌 In Simple Present, the action is simply mentioned and there is nothing being said about its completeness. Example: I eat. I sleep. I play. 1.2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE 📌 In Present Continuous, the action is on-going/ still going on and hence continuous. Example: I am eating. I am sleeping. I am playing. 1.3. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE 📌 In Present Perfect, the action is complete or has ended and hence termed Perfect. Example: I have eaten. I have slept. I have played. 1.4. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE 📌 In Present Perfect Continuous, the action has been taking place for some time and is still ongoing. Example: I have been eating. I have been sleeping. I have been playing. 2. PAST TENSES 2.1. SIMPLE PAST TENSE 📌 In Simple Past, the action is simply mentioned and understood to have taken place in the past. Example: I ate. I slept. I played. 2.2. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE 📌 In Past Continuous, the action was ongoing till a certain time in the past. Example: I was eating. I was sleeping. I was playing. 2.3. PAST PERFECT TENSE 📌 Past Perfect is used to express something that happened before another action in the past. Example: I had eaten. I had slept. I had played. 2.4. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE 📌 Past Perfect Continuous is used to express something that started in the past and continued until another time in the past. Example: I had been eating. I had been sleeping. I had been playing. 3. FUTURE TENSES 3.1. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE 📌 Simple Future is used when we plan or make a decision to do something. Nothing is said about the time in the future. Example: I will eat. I will sleep. I will play. 3.2. FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE 📌 The future continuous tense is used to express action at a particular moment in the future. 📌 However, the action will not have finished at the moment. Example: I will be eating at 9 a.m. I will be sleeping when you arrive. I will be playing at 5 p.m. 3.3. FUTURE PERFECT TENSE 📌 Future Perfect expresses action that will occur in the future before another action in the future. Example: I will have eaten before 10 a.m.  I will have slept before you arrive.  I will have played before 6 p.m. 3.4. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE 📌 Future Perfect Continuous is used to talk about an on-going action before some point in the future. Example: I will have been sleeping for two hours when you arrive. ● I will have been playing for an hour when it is 5 p.m. ------------------------------------------

📝📌Sentence: Definition, Structure, and Types ✔️1. Definition of a Sentence - A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought or idea. It begins with a capital letter and ends with a full stop (.), question mark (?), or exclamation mark (!). - Every sentence must have at least one subject and one predicate.    ♤ The subject tells who or what the sentence is about.    ♤ The predicate tells what the subject does, is, or has. E.g. > She studies hard.      ● Subject: She      ● Predicate: studies hard. > The sun rises in the east.      ● Subject: The sun      ● Predicate: rises in the east. - A sentence must make complete sense on its own. If it does not, it is called a phrase, not a full sentence. For example, “Running quickly” is not a sentence because it lacks a subject and a complete idea. ✔️2. Structure of a Sentence - The structure of a sentence refers to how words are arranged and connected to express a clear idea. A simple sentence usually has two main parts: subject and predicate.     A. Subject - The subject is the person, place, thing, or idea performing the action or being described. - It can be:       A single noun: Ali runs fast.       A noun phrase: The tall man runs fast.       A pronoun: He runs fast.     B. Predicate - The predicate gives information about what the subject does, feels, or is. - It usually contains a verb and may include objects, complements, or adverbial phrases. E.g. > She sings beautifully.    ● Predicate: sings beautifully. > The children are playing football in the field.    ● Predicate: are playing football in the field. ✔️3. Types of Sentences - Sentences can be classified in two main ways: according to Purpose and structure. ➡️A. According to Purpose (Function) 1. Declarative Sentence (Statement) - Used to make a statement or express an opinion or fact. - It ends with a full stop (.). E.g. > Semir is happy. > I love my country. > The Earth moves around the sun. 2. Interrogative Sentence (Question) - Used to ask a question. - It ends with a question mark (?). E.g. > What is your name? > Did you finish your homework? 3. Imperative Sentence (Command or Request) - Used to give an order, command, advice, or request. - It usually begins with a verb and ends with a full stop or exclamation mark. E.g. > Close the door. > Please help me with this task. 4. Exclamatory Sentence (Strong Feeling) - Used to express strong emotions such as surprise, anger, happiness, or excitement. - It ends with an exclamation mark (!). E.g. > What a beautiful view! > How wonderful this day is! ➡️B. According to Structure (Form) 1. Simple Sentence - Contains only one independent clause (a clause that can stand alone and expresses a complete idea). - It has one subject and one predicate. E.g. > She writes neatly. > The dog barked loudly. 2. Compound Sentence - Contains two or more independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, so, for, nor, yet. E.g. > I wanted to go out, but it started to rain. > Ali studied hard, and he passed the exam. 3. Complex Sentence - Contains one independent clause and one or more dependent (subordinate) clauses. - A dependent clause cannot stand alone; it depends on the main clause for meaning. - Subordinating conjunctions such as because, although, when, since, if, unless are often used. E.g. > I stayed at home because I was tired. > Although she was late, she managed to attend the meeting. 4. Compound-Complex Sentence - Contains two or more

independent

clauses and at least one dependent clause. E.g. > When I arrived, the class had

ሚያዝያ 6/2018 werabe በዛሬው እለት በወራቤ አጠቃላይ ሁለተኛ ደረጃ ት/ቤት እና በዘሞባቴ ሁለተኛ ደረጃ ት/ቤት መካካል የ12ኛ ክፍል ተማሪዎች የጥያቄና መልስ ዉድድር ተካሄደ በዉድድሩም በተፈጥሮ ሳይንስ ወራቤ ሲያሸንፍ በማህበራዊ ሳይንስ ዘሞባቴ አሸናፊ በመሆን ለዉድድሩ አሸናፊዎች ሽልማት ተበርክቶላቸዋል።

Biology Grade 12 Unit 3 MCQs with answers. 1. Cellular metabolism refers to: A) The process by which cells divide B) The breakdown of glucose for energy C) The total of all chemical reactions within a cell D) The movement of substances across the cell membrane Answer: C) The total of all chemical reactions within a cell 2. Which of the following is true about cellular metabolism? A) It only includes anabolic reactions B) It only includes catabolic reactions C) It only occurs in muscle cells D) It involves both anabolic and catabolic reactions Answer: C) It involves both anabolic and catabolic reactions 3. Which pathway is an example of a catabolic reaction in cellular metabolism? A) Protein synthesis B) Photosynthesis C) Glycolysis D) DNA replication Answer: C) Glycolysis 4. Anabolic pathways are characterized by: A) Breaking down molecules to release energy B) Releasing carbon dioxide C) Building complex molecules from simpler ones D) Producing energy in the form of ATP Answer: C) Building complex molecules from simpler ones 5. Which of the following is NOT part of cellular metabolism? A) Protein synthesis B) Glycolysis C) Cell division D) Citric acid cycle    Answer: C) Cell division 6. Catabolic reactions in cellular metabolism: A) Build molecules B) Release energy C) Store energy D) Require energy input Answer: B) Release energy 7. Which of the following best describes an anabolic pathway? A) It breaks down glucose into smaller molecules B) It synthesizes complex molecules from simpler ones C) It generates ATP from oxygen D) It converts sunlight into chemical energy Answer: B) It synthesizes complex molecules from simpler ones 8. Glycolysis is an example of a: A) Anabolic pathway  B) Catabolic pathway C) Both D) Neither Answer: B) Catabolic pathway 9. What is the main difference between anabolic and catabolic pathways? A) Anabolic pathways produce ATP, while catabolic pathways consume ATP B) Anabolic pathways build molecules, while catabolic pathways break them down C) Anabolic pathways involve only lipids, while catabolic pathways involve proteins D) Anabolic pathways require enzymes, while catabolic pathways do not Answer: B) Anabolic pathways build molecules, while catabolic pathways break them down 10. Which of the following is an example of an anabolic process? A) Respiration B) Glycolysis C) Protein synthesis   D) Fermentation Answer: C) Protein synthesis 11. Which of the following pathways releases energy? A) Anabolic pathways B) Catabolic pathways C) Both D) Neither Answer: B) Catabolic pathways 12. Which of the following is TRUE about anabolic reactions? A) They require energy input B) They release energy C) They only occur in muscle cells D) They break down polymers into monomers Answer: B) They require energy input 13. The process of photosynthesis is: A) Anabolic B) Catabolic C) Both   D) Neither  Answer: A) Anabolic 14. Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism? A) ATP is only used in anabolic pathways B) ATP stores energy for both anabolic and catabolic processes C) ATP is used only in catabolic pathways D) ATP is not involved in either anabolic or catabolic reactions Answer: B) ATP stores energy for both anabolic and catabolic processes 15. Which of the following statements about catabolic reactions is TRUE? A) They are energy-consuming B) They involve the synthesis of large molecules C) They break down complex molecules into simpler ones D) They only occur in plant cells Answer: C) They break down complex molecules into simpler ones 16. Photosynthesis is the process by which: A) Plants convert sunlight into chemical energy B) Plants release oxygen into the atmosphere C) Plants break down glucose D) Animals produce energy from food Answer: A) Plants convert sunlight into chemical energy 17. The main product of photosynthesis is: A) Oxygen  B) Glucose   C) Carbon dioxide   D) Nitrogen   Answer: B) Glucose

APTITUDE_ANALOGY_MULTIPLE_CHOICE_QUESTIONS 1. FINGERS: HAND:: TOES:____   A) FOOT   B) SHOE   C) LEG   D) WALK Answer: A Explanation: Fingers are a part of the hand, and toes are a part of the foot. 2. BRICK: WALL:: WORD: ____   A) LETTER   B) BOOK   C) SENTENCE   D) ALPHABET Answer: C Explanation: Bricks are the individual units used to build a wall; words are the individual units used to build a sentence. 3. SLEEP: FATIGUE:: EAT: ____   A) HUNGER   B) FOOD   C) TASTE   D) DRINK Answer: A Explanation: You sleep to relieve fatigue; you eat to relieve hunger. 4. CUB: BEAR:: KITTEN: ____   A) DOG   B) MOUSE   C) CAT   D) BIRD Answer: C Explanation: A cub is a young bear, and a kitten is a young cat. 5. PILOT: AIRPLANE:: DRIVER:____    A) ROAD   B) CAR   C) HELM   D) LICENSE Answer: B Explanation: A pilot operates an airplane, and a driver operates a car. 6. CAUTIOUS: CIRCUMSPECT:: INDIGNANT :____   A) ANGRY   B) HAPPY   C) CALM   D) SAD Answer: A Explanation: Cautious means the same as circumspect; indignant means the same as angry. 7. SALUBRIOUS: HEALTH:: HARMFUL: ____   A) WEALTH   B) ILLNESS   C) BENEFIT   D) STRENGTH Answer: B Explanation: Something salubrious promotes health; something harmful promotes or causes illness. 8. GULLIBLE: DECEIVE:: PLIABLE: ____   A) BEND   B) HARDEN   C) BREAK   D) RESIST Answer: A Explanation: A gullible person is easy to deceive; a pliable object is easy to bend. 9. METICULOUS: CARELESS:: ZEALOUS: ____   A) PASSIONATE   B) INDIFFERENT   C) ENTHUSIASTIC   D) DEDICATED Answer: B Explanation: Meticulous is the opposite of careless; zealous is the opposite of indifferent. 10. NEBULOUS: CLARITY:: ANARCHY: ____   A) CHAOS   B) ORDER   C) GOVERNMENT   D) LIBERTY Answer: B Explanation: Something nebulous lacks clarity; anarchy lacks order. 11. DIDACTIC: TEACH:: HORTATORY: ____   A) DISSUADE   B) WARN   C) EXHORT   D) AGREE Answer: C Explanation: A didactic speech is intended to teach; a hortatory speech is intended to exhort. 12. QUIXOTIC: REALISTIC:: DOLEFUL: ____   A) CHEERFUL   B) GLOOMY   C) SERIOUS   D) SAD Answer: A Explanation: Quixotic is the opposite of realistic; doleful is the opposite of cheerful. 13. LACUNA: GAP:: ENIGMA: ____   A) SOLUTION   B) MYSTERY   C) CLUE   D) QUESTION Answer: B Explanation: A lacuna is a gap; an enigma is a mystery. 14. EXACERBATE: WORSEN:: AMELIORATE : ____   A) IMPROVE   B) AGGRAVATE   C) DECREASE   D) STRENGTHEN Answer: A Explanation: To exacerbate is to make something worse; to ameliorate is to make something better/improve. 15. PHLEGMATIC: EMOTION:: INSIPID: ____   A) COLOR   B) TASTE   C) SOUND   D) SMELL Answer: B Explanation: A phlegmatic person lacks emotion or excitement; something insipid lacks taste or flavor.

Some_Important_Formulas_Of_Physics 1. Formulas related to force:

F = ma F = kx F = m(vf² - vi²/2S) F = mv/t F = md/t² F = m(vf - vi)/t F = Area × density × velocity² F = 1/2 mv²/d F = 1/2 Pv/d F = Power/velocity Fc = mv²/r Fc = mrw² Fc/2 = mv²/2r Fc = 2K.E/r F = Area × Stress F = pir² × stress F = YA × Strain F = YAl/L F = pressure × area F = change in momentum × time interval F = - 2mVx × Vx/2l F2 = F1/A1 × A2 F = qE F = kQ/r² F = ILB sintheta F = q (v × B) F = qE + q(v × B)

2. Formulas related to energy and work

Fd = k.e mgh = 1/2 mv² E = 1/2 kx² E = Ve E = nhf E = nhc/lambda E = Pc K.e = hf - work function = hf - hf° = hf - hc/w° (here w° is cutt off wavelength) E = 1/2 Pv mv²/2r= Fc/2 K.E/r = Fc/2 K.E = Fc×r/2 K.e = 1.5 KT E = VQ E = Power × time E = Fvt % loss in K.e = v1² - v2²/v1² × 100 % loss in P.e = h1² - h²/h1² × 100 Energy lost due to air friction(Fh) = 1/2mv² - mgh (when body is thrown upward) Energy lost due to air friction(FS) = mgh - 1/2mv² (when body is thrown downward) E = 1/2 CV² (capacitor) E = R × hc (R is Rydberg' constant) J = m-¹ × Js ms-¹k hf kalpha x rays = EL - Ek hf kbeta x rays = EM - Ek Binding energy = mass defect × c² W = Fd Costheta W = nmgh (when person is climbing stairs) W = n(m+m) gh (when person is climbing stairs with some load) W = 0mgh + 1mgh + 2mgh + 3mgh ....... (in case of stacking bricks. For ist brick h=0. For 2nd brick h=1. For 3rd brick h=2 and so on) W = Fd = PA × change in V W = Q - change in U Q = mc × change in T T/273.16 = Q/Q3 (Thermodynamic scale) W = I²Rt W = emf×charge W = VQ W = 1/2 lF W = YAl²/2L W = StressAl²/2Strain W = PressureAl²/2Strain W = Fl²/2Strain

3. Formulas related to Power

P = Fv P = E/t P = n(mgh/t) P = Fd/t P = mv²/2t

4. Formulas related to distance, displacement, velocity and accelration

d = vt d = at² d = (vf + vi/2) ×t d = 5t² (for distance in 'n' seconds) d = 5(2tn - 1) (for distance in 'nth' second) d = 1/2 mv²/F d = vit + 5t² d = v × underroot 2H/g d = vt = x°wt = x°2pi/T × t = x°2pift x = x° Sin wt x = x° Sin (underroot k/m) t vf = vi + at 2as = vf² - vi² 2as = (vi + at)² - vi² 2as = vf² - (vf - at) ² v = underroot Vfx² + Vfy² v = Power/Force v = 2×K.E/momentum (k.e = 1/2 Pv) v² = 2×Power×time/mass (P = mv²/2t) v = underroot 2as v = underroot gr (speed at highest point in a verticle circle) v = underroot 5gr (speed at lowest point in a verticle circle) v² = 2FS/m v² = 2E/m v² = 2Ve/m v = eBr/m (velocity of particle under action of magnetic force along circular path) v² = Force/Area.Density v = w underroot x°² - x² v = underroot k/m × underroot x°² - x² v = x°w (at mean position where x=0) v = x° underoot k/m v = v° underroot 1 - x²/x°² (for determining ratio b/w inst. Velocity and maxi. Velocity) v= x°2pif = x°2pi/T a = x°w² = x°w.w = vw = v.2pif Common velocity = m1v1/m1+m2 vi² = Rg/Sin2theta v = underoot Tension×length/mass V = 2pi ke²/nh (speed of e- in nth orbit) Vn = V/n v = nh/2pimr (lambda = 2pir and lambda=h/p) ma = kx a = kx/m (SHM) a = - gx/l (Simple pendulum) ac = v²

/ r 5. Formulas related to wavelength 'w'

w = v/f w = 1/wave number w1 = 2l (when pipe is opened at both ends) w1

= 4l