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Operating System
~~
Operating System (OS) jechuun sirna hojii koompitaraa, kan hardware fi software biroo to’atuudha.

Innis akka riqichaa (bridge) ta’ee:
Fayyadamaa (nama), Sagantaalee (applications) fi Meeshaalee koompitaraa (hardware)
wal qunnamsiisa.

Addunyaa kana irratti Operating System hedduutu jira. Isaanis bakka gurguddoo 3 tti qoodamuu dandahu.

Isaanis:
1) Desktop/Laptop Operating system
2) Mobile Operating System
3) Server and specialized operating system

Mee har'a Desktop/Laptop Operating system waliin haa ilaallu.

Akkuma maqaa isaa irraa hubannu Operating System kun Kompitaraa Desktop ykn Laptop irratti kan hojjatuudha.

Innis gosoota armaan gadii kanneen of keessaa qaba:

● Windows - dhaabbata Microsoft tiin kan hojjatame yeroo tahu, gosa sirna hojii (Operating system) koompitaraa haalaan fayyadamamuudha.
● MacOS - dhaabbata Apple tiin kan hojjatame yeroo tahu, koompitaroota dhaabbata Apple tiin hojjataman irratti hojjata.
● Linux - operating system bilisaa fi madda banaa (open source) tahe, kan develooperoonni (developers) fayyadamnii fi server irrattis itti fayyadamnuudha. Fknf Ubuntu, Fedora, Mint fi kkf dha.

https://t.me/AmuTechn
https://t.me/AmuTechn

📖Here are 20 choice questions about the IUPAC system of nomenclature, with their answers:

1. What does IUPAC stand for?
  A) International Union of Physics and Chemistry
  B) Indian Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
  C) International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
  D) Industrial Union of Polymers and Analytical Compounds
  Answer: C) International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

2. What is the IUPAC name for CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₃?
  A) Propane
  B) Butane
  C) Pentane
  D) Hexane
  Answer: B) Butane

3. What is the IUPAC name for (CH₃)₂CHCH₂CH₃?
  A) Pentane
  B) 2-methylpropane
  C) 2-methylbutane
  D) Isopentane
  Answer: C) 2-methylbutane

4. Which of the following is the correct IUPAC name for CH₃CH=CH₂?
  A) Propane
  B) 1-propene
  C) Ethene
  D) Butene
  Answer: B) 1-propene (or simply propene, as the double bond can only be at position 1 in a 3-carbon chain)

5. What is the IUPAC name for CH≡CH?
  A) Methane
  B) Ethyne
  C) Ethene
  D) Propyne
  Answer: B) Ethyne

6. What is the IUPAC name for CH₃CH₂OH?
  A) Methanol
  B) Propanol
  C) Ethanol
  D) Ethylene glycol
  Answer: C) Ethanol

7. What is the IUPAC name for CH₃CHO?
  A) Methanal
  B) Ethanal
  C) Propanal
  D) Acetone
  Answer: B) Ethanal

8. What is the IUPAC name for CH₃COCH₃?
  A) Propanal
  B) Butanone
  C) Propanone
  D) Acetone
  Answer: C) Propanone

9. What is the IUPAC name for CH₃COOH?
  A) Formic acid
  B) Ethanoic acid
  C) Propanoic acid
  D) Acetic acid
  Answer: B) Ethanoic acid

10. What is the IUPAC name for CH₃CH₂Cl?
  A) Chloroethane
  B) Ethyl chloride
  C) 1-chloroethane
  D) Dichloroethane
  Answer: C) 1-chloroethane (or Chloroethane)

11. What is the IUPAC name for a six-membered carbon ring with only single bonds?
  A) Benzene
  B) Hexane
  C) Cyclohexane
  D) Cyclopentane
  Answer: C) Cyclohexane

12. What is the IUPAC name for a benzene ring with a -CH₃ group attached?
  A) Benzene
  B) Phenol
  C) Aniline
  D) Methylbenzene (or Toluene, a common acceptable name)
  Answer: D) Methylbenzene

13. Which functional group has the highest priority when naming a compound with multiple functional groups according to IUPAC rules?
  A) Alcohol (-OH)
  B) Ketone (-CO-)
  C) Carboxylic acid (-COOH)
  D) Amine (-NH₂)
  Answer: C) Carboxylic acid (-COOH)

14. When numbering a carbon chain that contains both a functional group and a substituent, which takes precedence for assigning the lowest number?
  A) The longest carbon chain
  B) The functional group
  C) The substituent
  D) Alphabetical order
  Answer: B) The functional group

15. What is the IUPAC name for (CH₃)₃CCH₂CH₃?
  A) 2,2-dimethylbutane
  B) 2,2,2-trimethylpropane
  C) 3,3-dimethylbutane
  D) Pentane
  Answer: A) 2,2-dimethylbutane

16. What is the IUPAC name for CH₃CH(OH)CH₃?
  A) Propanol
  B) 1-Propanol
  C) 2-Propanol
  D) Isopropanol
  Answer: C) 2-Propanol

17. What is the IUPAC name for CH₃COOCH₂CH₃?
  A) Ethyl methanoate
  B) Ethyl ethanoate
  C) Methyl ethanoate
  D) Propyl ethanoate
  Answer: B) Ethyl ethanoate

18. What is the IUPAC name for CH₃OCH₃?
  A) Diethyl ether
  B) Dimethyl ether
  C) Methoxyethane
  D) Methoxymethane
  Answer: D) Methoxymethane (or Dimethyl ether is also commonly accepted)

19. What is the IUPAC name for CH₃CH₂NH₂?
  A) Methylamine
  B) Ethanamine
  C) Propanamine
  D) Diethylamine
  Answer: B) Ethanamine (or Ethylamine is commonly accepted)

20. If two different alkyl substituents are at the same position from either end of the longest carbon chain, how is the numbering decided?
  A) By the larger substituent
  B) By the smaller substituent
  C) Alphabetically
  D) It does not matter which end you start numbering from
  Answer: C) Alphabetically

https://t.me/EthioEducationc
https://t.me/EthioEducationc

EUEE based ጥያቄዎች ከphysics 11ኛ ክፍል unit 4👇👇👇

Here are 20 multiple-choice questions on dynamics in physics:

1. A car is traveling at a constant velocity of 30 m/s. What is its acceleration?
   a) 0 m/s²
   b) 30 m/s²
   c) 300 m/s²
   d) It cannot be determined without more information.

2. Which of the following is a unit of force?
   a) Joule
   b) Watt
   c) Newton
   d) Pascal

3. According to Newton's second law of motion, the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the _ applied to it and inversely proportional to its _.
   a) force, mass
   b) mass, force
   c) velocity, time
   d) time, velocity

4. An object is in equilibrium when:
   a) it is at rest
   b) it is moving at a constant velocity
   c) the net force acting on it is zero
   d) both a) and b)

5. What is the weight of a 10 kg object on Earth? (Take acceleration due to gravity as 9.8 m/s²)
   a) 98 N
   b) 10 N
   c) 1 N
   d) 0.98 N

6. A force of 20 N is applied to an object with a mass of 5 kg. What is the acceleration of the object?
   a) 4 m/s²
   b) 5 m/s²
   c) 10 m/s²
   d) 100 m/s²

7. When an object moves in a circular path, it experiences a force called:
   a) centripetal force
   b) centrifugal force
   c) gravitational force
   d) frictional force

8. What is the equation for Newton's second law of motion?
   a) F = ma
   b) F = mv
   c) F = mg
   d) F = ms

9. A car is traveling at a constant speed around a circular track. Which of the following statements is true?
   a) The car is not accelerating.
   b) The car is accelerating towards the center of the circle.
   c) The car is accelerating away from the center of the circle.
   d) The car's acceleration depends on the mass of the car.

10. Which of the following is an example of a non-contact force?
    a) Friction
    b) Tension
    c) Gravity
    d) Magnetism

11. What is the net force acting on an object that is in equilibrium?
    a) Zero
    b) Positive
    c) Negative
    d) Cannot be determined without more information

12. A force of 10 N is applied to an object with a mass of 2 kg. What is the acceleration of the object?
    a) 20 m/s²
    b) 5 m/s²
    c) 2 m/s²
    d) 0.2 m/s²

13. Which of the following is an example of projectile motion?
    a) A car driving on a straight road.
    b) A ball thrown into the air.
    c) A boat sailing on a lake.
    d) A person walking down the street.

14. What is the difference between mass and weight?
    a) Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object, while weight is a measure of the force of gravity on an object.
    b) Mass is a measure of the force of gravity on an object, while weight is a measure of the amount of matter in an object.
    c) Mass and weight are the same thing.
    d) Mass and weight are unrelated concepts in physics.

15. Which of the following is an example of a conservative force?
    a) Friction
    b) Air resistance
    c) Gravity
    d) Electric force

16. What is the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration?
    a) Force is directly proportional to mass and inversely proportional to acceleration.
    b) Force is directly proportional to acceleration and inversely proportional to mass.
    c) Force, mass, and acceleration are unrelated concepts in physics.
    d) Force is inversely proportional to both mass and acceleration.

17. A 2 kg object is moving with a velocity of 4 m/s. What is its momentum?
    a) 2 kg m/s
    b) 4 kg m/s
    c) 8 kg m/s
    d) 16 kg m/s

18. Which of the following statements is true about an object in free fall near the surface of the Earth?
    a) The object is not accelerating.
    b) The object is accelerating upwards.
    c) The object is accelerating downwards.
    d) The object's acceleration depends on its mass.

19. A 50 kg person is standing on a scale. What is the reading on the scale?
    a) 50 N
    b) 500 N
    c) 5 N
    d) 0.5 N

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https://t.me/ExtremeSeries

📚ENGLISH ENTRANCE QUESTIONS

1. Choose the correct form of the verb:
   By the time she arrives, we ____ (finish) our homework.
   a) will have finished 
   b) have finished 
   c) finished 
   d) are finishing 

2. Identify the correct tense:
   I ____ (read) this book for three hours.
   a) read 
   b) am reading 
   c) have read 
   d) will read 

3. Choose the correct form of the verb:
   If it ____ (rain), we will stay indoors.
   a) rains 
   b) rained 
   c) will rain 
   d) is raining 

4. Fill in the blank with the correct tense:
   They ____ (play) soccer when it started to rain.
   a) played 
   b) were playing 
   c) are playing 
   d) play 

5. Choose the correct option:
   She ____ (go) to the market every Saturday.
   a) go 
   b) goes 
   c) gone 
   d) going 

6. Identify the correct tense:
   I ____ (not see) him since last week.
   a) didn’t see 
   b) haven’t seen 
   c) don’t see 
   d) won’t see 

7. Choose the correct form of the verb:
   If I ____ (be) you, I would apologize.
   a) was 
   b) were 
   c) am 
   d) be 

8. Fill in the blank with the correct tense:
   She usually ____ (take) her dog for a walk in the evening.
   a) take 
   b) takes 
   c) taking 
   d) taken 

9. Choose the correct option:
   They ____ (study) for their exams right now.
   a) study 
   b) are studying 
   c) studied 
   d) will study 

10. Identify the correct tense:
    He ____ (work) here since 2010.
    a) has worked 
    b) worked 
    c) is working 
    d) works 

▎EUEE Choice Questions

1. Choose the correct analogy:
   Hand is to glove as foot is to ____.
   a) shoe 
   b) hat 
   c) shirt 
   d) belt 

2. Choose the correct analogy:
   Bird is to fly as fish is to ____.
   a) swim 
   b) walk 
   c) crawl 
   d) run 

3. Choose the correct analogy:
   Teacher is to classroom as doctor is to ____.
   a) hospital 
   b) school 
   c) office 
   d) library 

4. Choose the correct analogy:
   Cold is to ice as hot is to ____.
   a) fire 
   b) snow 
   c) steam 
   d) water 

5. Choose the correct analogy:
   Tree is to forest as star is to ____.
   a) galaxy 
   b) planet 
   c) sky 
   d) sun 

6. Choose the correct analogy:
   Book is to read as song is to ____.
   a) listen 
   b) write 
   c) sing 
   d) play 

7. Choose the correct analogy:
   Car is to drive as bicycle is to ____.
   a) ride 
   b) walk 
   c) run 
   d) fly 

8. Choose the correct analogy:
   Ocean is to water as desert is to ____.
   a) sand 
   b) rock 
   c) mountain 
   d) tree 

9. Choose the correct analogy:
   Chef is to cook as artist is to ____.
   a) paint 
   b) draw 
   c) create 
   d) sculpt 

10. Choose the correct analogy:
    Sun is to day as moon is to ____.
    a) night 
    b) sky 
    c) light 
    d) star 

▎Answers

Medium-Level Questions:

1. a) will have finished
2. c) have read
3. a) rains
4. b) were playing
5. b) goes
6. b) haven’t seen
7. b) were
8. b) takes
9. b) are studying
10. a) has worked

EUEE Choice Questions:

1. a) shoe
2. a) swim
3. a) hospital
4. c) steam
5. a) galaxy
6. a) listen
7. a) ride
8. a) sand
9. a) paint
10. a) night

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Cybersecurity maali? 🔐💻🌐
Cybersecurity jechuun mala, seera, fi teknoolojiiwwan fayyadamuun sirna kompiitaraa, neetworkii, odeeffannoo (data), fi meeshaalee dijitaalaa balaa weerara saayibarii (cyber attack) irraa ittisuudha. Kaayyoon isaa inni guddaan odeeffannoo nama dhuunfaa fi dhaabbilee akka hin hatamne, hin mancaane, hin jijjiiramne fi akka tajaajilli sirnaan itti fufu mirkaneessuudha.

Cybersecurity maaliif barbaachisa?

Yeroo ammaa kana hojii baay’een interneetii irratti hundaayeera; fakkeenyaaf:
=>>Baankii fi kaffaltii onlaayinii 💳
=>>Barnoota fi hojii onlaayinii 🏫💼
=>>Odeeffannoo dhuunfaa (ID, password, suuraa, galmee) 👤

Kanaaf, yoo cybersecurity hin jiraanne:
=>>Odeeffannoon ni hatama (data breach)
=>>Maallaqni ni hatama 💸
=>>Sirni kompiitaraa ni dhaabata (system crash)
=>>Maqaan namaa fi dhaabbilee ni miidhama

Akkaataa of eeggannoo (Cyber Safety Tips)
=>>Password cimaa fayyadami 🔑
=>>Link fi email hin beekamne hin baniin 📧
=>>Antivirus fi firewall fayyadami 🛡️
=>>Software kee yeroo yeroon haaromsi 🔄
=>>Odeeffannoo barbaachisaa backup godhi 💾

Xumura
Cybersecurity jechuun eegumsa jireenya dijitaalaa keenyaa ti. Akkuma mana keenya qolofachuun of eeggannu, akkasuma kompiitaraa, bilbila, fi odeeffannoo keenya cybersecurity fayyadamuun eeguun dirqama.

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Waw Channel owner ta'an hundaaf
Karaa Channel keessan fayyadamuun maallaqa baay’ee guyyaatti hojjechuu dandeessa qabadhee isiniif dhufeera.
Maarree kunis Ads (advertising) Channel keessan irratti gadhiisuun qarshii hedduu hojjechuu dandeessu.
Namoonnii Jalqabuu barbaaddan link armaan gadii fayyadamuun waan isin gaafatu guutuun maallaqa keessan hojjechuu dandeessu.👇

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በ 2 Account ብቻ 15 ⭐ ይሰጣል።

BIOLOGY Grade 12 multiple-choice questions on microorganisms along with their answers and brief explanations:

1. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of prokaryotic cells?

A) Membrane-bound organelles
B) Nucleus
C) Circular DNA
D) Multicellular structure 
  
👉Answer👈

2. What is the primary role of decomposer microorganisms in an ecosystem?

A) Photosynthesis
B) Nitrogen fixation
C) Decomposition of organic matter
D) Pathogen resistance 

  👉Answer👈

3. Which type of microorganism is primarily responsible for the fermentation process in bread-making?

A) Bacteria
B) Viruses
C) Yeast
D) Protozoa 

   👉Answer👈

4. Which of the following diseases is caused by a virus?

A) Tuberculosis
B) Malaria
C) Influenza
D) Ringworm

   👉Answer👈

5. What structure protects bacterial cells from environmental stress and provides shape?

A) Cell membrane
B) Cytoplasm
C) Peptidoglycan cell wall
D) Ribosomes 

   👉Answer👈

6. Which of the following microorganisms can be used in biotechnology for gene cloning?

A) Viruses
B) Fungi
C) Bacteria
D) All of the above

   👉Answer👈

7. What is the main method of transmission for the bacteria that causes cholera?

A) Airborne droplets
B) Contaminated water
C) Direct contact
D) Insect bites 
 
👉Answer👈

8. Which of the following microorganisms is known for its role in nitrogen fixation?

A) Escherichia coli
B) Rhizobium
C) Streptococcus
D) Clostridium 

👉Answer👈

9. Which type of microorganism can reproduce both sexually and asexually?

A) Bacteria
B) Viruses
C) Fungi
D) Archaea

👉Answer👈

10. What is the primary function of antibiotics?

A) To kill viruses
B) To inhibit bacterial growth
C) To enhance immune response
D) To promote viral replication

👉Answer👈

https://telegra.ph/Biology-Grade-12-12-09


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