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📣 Important Questions Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 10 - Financial Markets ➡️ Mention the kind of issue in which stock is offered to an existing stockholder. Answer: Right Issue ➡️ Name two money market instruments Answer: a) Treasury Bills b) Commercial Paper ➡️ Explain the four functions of ‘Secondary Market’. Answer: The four functions of Secondary Market are mentioned below. ⏺ The main function is to provide marketability and liquidity to the present securities and assets. It provides a platform for trading to present customers. ⏺ It allows a constant estimate of the securities and helps in building demand and supply. This estimation helps in determining the price of the securities. ⏺ It guarantees fairness and safety in a transaction. ⏺ It gives a platform for channelising the saving to the most profitable way. ➡️ State the protective function of the Securities and Exchange Board of India. Answer: The protective function of the Securities and Exchange Board of India is. ⏺ It examines violations such as violation of rules and insider trading, and disobey to the companies act. ⏺ It provides information about the companies needed by the client. ⏺ It provides guidelines related to the investments in securities. ⏺ It also provides a code of conduct for business practices ➡️ Explain the functions and objectives of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). Answer: Function of Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) is divided into two parts Regulatory Function: ⏺ It helps in the registration of brokers and sub-broker and other associates of the market. ⏺ It helps in the registration of collective schemes and mutual funds ⏺ It regulates portfolio exchanges, share bankers, and merchant banker. ⏺ Probation of unfair trade practices and fraud. ⏺ Control insider trade and takeover bids. Development Function ⏺ Educate investors. ⏺ Training of intermediaries. ⏺ Promotion of Code of Conduct and fair practices. ⏺ Conduct research and public information, useful for market participants. Objectives of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) ⏺ Regulate share exchange and securities used to promote orderly function. ⏺ Protect interest and right of individual investors, investors, and guide and train them. ⏺ To prevent fraud and accomplish a balance between self-regulation by the security industry and its statutory body.

📣 Important Questions Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 9 - Financial Management ➡️ What do you mean by Financial Management? Answer: Financial Management is all about planning, organizing, directing and controlling the financial pursuits such as acquisition and utilization of capital of the firm. To put it in other words, it is applying general management standards to the financial resources of the firm. ➡️ How does the production cycle impact working capital? Answer: Production cycle impacts working capital as the working capital requirement will be greater with a longer production cycle. ➡️ While performing the financial function every manager takes three decision. Explain those decisions. Answer: A manager take the three following decision while performing the financial function ➖ Financing Decision- This decision is about choosing the cheapest source from the amount of finance proposed from various short and long term sources. ➖ Investment Decision- This is about choosing the cheapest proposal from all the available alternative proposal, which gets the highest possible return for the investors. ➖ Dividend Decision- This decision is to choose between whether the the earnings should be distributed to a stockholder as a dividend or to retain the earnings to finance the long-term plans of the company. ➡️ State the four factor which affects the working capital requirements of a company. Answer: The four factor that affects the working capital requirements of a company are as follows. ➖ Nature of Business- The primary nature of business influences the amount of nature of the business required by it. For instance, an organisation involved in trading business require a small amount of working capital as compare to the bigger organisation. ➖ The scale of Operation- A large organisation requires large inventory as a working capital than the small company. ➖ Business Cycle- When there is a growth in the economy, the production of a company increases and more working capital is required, as compared to when there is a crisis in the economy. ➖ Seasonal Factors- In the zenith season, the demand will be high so the working capital increases as compared to the offseason. ➡️ The board of director asked you to design the capital structure of a company. What are the factors you would consider to add? Answer: The factors included in the capital structure of a company are. ➖ Interest Coverage Ratio (ICR) ➖ Cash Flow Situation ➖ Debt Service Coverage Ratio (DSCR) ➖ Regulatory Framework ➖ Return on Investment (ROI) ➖ Tax rate ➡️ The management of an organisation decided to enlarge the business activities by growing the stock of raw materials and finished products at an estimated cost of Rs. 40 lakh. Describe the various ways open to an organisation to increase the money for the reason. Answer: The organisation can raise finance by the following reasons. ➖ Issue of debenture ➖ Issue of stock ➖ Loans for financial institutions and banks ➖ Retained earnings

📣 Important Questions Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 8 - Controlling ➡️ What is the formula of Return on Investment? Answer: The formula of Return on Investment is. Return on Investment = Net Income / Cost of Investment. ➡️ Why is planning an empty exercise without controlling function? Answer: Planning is an empty exercise without controlling function because monitoring and implementing of the plan is based on the controlling. ➡️ ‘Planning is looking forward and controlling is looking back’.Comment Answer: Planning It is the first step on deciding what to do, how, where and when a specific work has to be done. It is an activity where a goal and how to accomplish that goal is decided. Whereas, Controlling involves evaluation of performance that matches the standard of the organisation. It is the primary goal and responsibilities of all management in any enterprises. However, the statement ‘Planning is looking forward and controlling is looking back’ is partially right because, though planning is done for the future, the foundation of planning is based on the past experiences and activities. On the other hands, though controlling includes past assessment, it aims in enhancing future performance by taking correct steps and measures. ➡️ Write a short summary of budgetary control as a method of managerial control. Answer: Budgeting Control is a management operation that monitors budget, control cost, and service in a given accounting year. It helps the management to set a regulate performance and financial goal and helps the company get the desired results. It’s a procedure, in which company functions are outlined in advance, and compared with the real effect later to see if the desired results are acquired or not. This comparison helps the company to identify the variation and take appropriate action according. A company’s different budget is prepared and controlled. However, for effective budgeting, future planning has to be done wisely. It also operates as a root of motivation for the employee by establishing a standard against which their achievement will be evaluated. Therefore, it encourages them to achieve set goals efficiently. Budgeting also helps to allocate the budget to all the departments or unit according to their need and requirement. ➡️ State the five points that highlight the importance of controlling Answer: Controlling is an important function of management. It controls the managerial action by setting a standard and evaluating the variation of actual performance against the established norm. Below mentioned are the few factors that highlight the importance of control. ➖ Helps in accomplishing company goals- The controlling function of a company evaluates the progress towards a company’s goal and identifies if there is any variation that has to be corrected. ➖ Assessing the accuracy of standard- The control system facilitates the management to check if the established structured by the company are accurate or not by monitoring the changes taking place in the company. ➖ Making efficient use of resources- This controlling process helps the management to reduce the wastage of resources. ➖ Ensuring order and discipline- Controlling function generates an atmosphere of order and discipline in the company by keeping a check on the activities of its employees. ➖ Improving employees motivation- An effective controlling makes sure that the employees are informed about all the plans in advance and what is expected from them. This will keep them motivated to give the best performance.

📣 Important Questions Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 7 - Directing ⏺State any two non-financial incentives Answer: b In a company context, status is referred to as the position or rank given to an employee. In simple words, status can be any managerial post assigned to a person. ➖ Career Advancement Position- It refers to higher-level progression in one’s career. A person’s progress can be a move from an entry-level job to a managerial position with the same field. ⏺Give the meaning of ‘motivation’ as an element of directing.Give the meaning of ‘motivation’ as an element of directing. Answer: Motivation as an element of directing is a process of understanding and stimulating an employee to work towards the desired objectives and goal. It encourages workers to operate to the best of their skills and work towards common objectives and purpose of a company. ⏺ Explain three points that highlight the importance of directing the function of management. Answer: In any organisation, the operation begins with the function of directing. The three important points of directing function of management are mentioned below. ➖ Achieving objectives- The actual action of a company starts with the directing function of management. A company cannot function without proper direction and guidance. The directing assists an individual to conclude a specified task properly and on time. The directing also motivate and supervise the employee to accomplish their objectives more efficiently. ➖ Integration of Effort- Every company have many employees, with different job role and work at various levels. It is only through directing all the employees’ efforts are integrated and channelised towards accomplishing the common company goal. ➖ Employees Development- Right guidance helps and guides an employee in the right direction. Components of directing such as leadership and motivation encourage an employee to give their best and help the company achieve the ultimate goal. ⏺What is meant by ‘Esteem needs’ and ‘self-actualisation needs’ in relation to the motivation of an employee? Answer: ➖ Esteem needs- It refers to the need for self-esteem, self-confidence, and respect. Esteem needs are the foundation of human desire, which needs to be accepted and valued by others. Esteem need includes self-belief, confidence, personal and social acceptance, strength, and respect from others. ➖ Self-actualisation needs- It refers to the need for personal development and discovery of what one is capable of doing. Self-actualisation is those individuals who are fulfilled and correctly doing what they are capable of doing. ⏺Explain five points of importance of directing function of management. Answer: Importance of directing function of management. ➖ Directing Initiates action- It helps an employee to initiate an action and achieve the desired goal. Directing Integrates Employee’s Effort- Directing assures integration of employees’efforts towards the achievement of company goals. ➖ Motivation and Leadership- It motivates an employee to show their leadership quality to work efficiently and give their maximum contribution to achieving an organisation goal. ➖ Directing Facility Change- In an organisation, an employee often withstand changes due to the fright of the adverse effect. Efficient directing motivates and encourages the employee to get through the turns. ➖ Helps in Stability and Balance in a Company- Effective directing stimulate supportiveness and engagement among an individual and help in balancing between multiple department and activities.

📣 Important Questions Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 6 - Staffing ‼️ Question 1: Why is ‘employment interview’ conducted in the process of selection? Answer: The primary purpose of the employee interview is to assess the applicant’s feasibility for the designation by seeking from him or her and to check whether the person is suitable for the job post. ‼️ Question 2: ‘Staffing makes for higher performance by putting the right person on the right job’. Is this statement true or false? Answer: True ‼️ Question 3: Why is Aptitude test conducted in the process of selection? Answer: In order to measure and scale the applicant’s potential for learning a skill, an aptitude test is conducted. ‼️ Question 4: What is the next step of selection? Answer: Placement and Orientation. ‼️ Question 5: The current day human resource management is a broader concept. Explain. Answer: The current day human resource management involves: ➖ Assists in accomplishing the goals that are set by the establishment along with achieving the personal goals ➖ The utilisation of the employees’ skill sets in an efficient manner ➖ Enhance job satisfaction of the employees ‼️ Question 6: What are the benefits of employee training? Answer: ⏺ Benefits to the organisation: ➖ Economic operations: Trained resources utilise the obtainable resources in an effective and an efficient manner ➖ Increases productivity: It certainly enhances the quality and the quantity of the production ⏺ Benefits to the employees: ➖ Acquisition of new skill sets: A trained resource certainly acquires new skills ➖ Higher earnings: These trained resources can certainly perform better and hereby earn more superiors at the work environment

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Adjustments need to be made at the time of admission of a new partner ➖Calculating the new profit sharing ratio along with the sacrificing ratio. ➖Accounting for goodwill. ➖Revaluation of assets and liabilities. ➖Adjustment of capital as per new profit sharing ratio. Treatment of goodwill on admission of a new partner will be based on the following conditions: ➖When the amount for goodwill is paid privately ➖When the amount necessary for paying the share of goodwill is brought as cash. ➖When share of goodwill is not brought as cash. Adjustment of Capital and Change in Profit Sharing Ratio Among Existing Partners ➖Sacrificing ratio ➖New profit sharing ratio ➖Revaluation of assets and Reassessment of liabilities ➖Valuation and adjustment of goodwill ➖Adjustment of partners’ capitals ➖Distribution of accumulated profits (reserves)

Adjustment for Revaluation of Assets and Liabilities